How does the propeller pitch change mechanism adjust the blade angle?

The propeller pitch change mechanism adjusts the blade angle primarily through oil pressure. In variable pitch propellers, the pitch change mechanism utilizes a hydraulic system where oil is directed into or out of the propeller hub to change the angle of the blades. When oil pressure is increased, it pushes against a piston in the hub, which alters the position of the blades to a more coarse or fine pitch, depending on the desired performance. This adjustment allows the propeller to optimize efficiency for various flight conditions, enhancing performance during takeoff, cruising, and landing. The use of hydraulic oil for this function is crucial because it provides the necessary force to effect changes in pitch under the varying loads experienced during flight.